Double dissociation of PKC and AC manipulations on operant and classical learning in Drosophila
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ABSTRACT:
Learning about relationships between stimuli (i.e., classical
conditioning [1]) and learning about consequences of one’s
own behavior (i.e., operant conditioning [2]) constitute the
major part of our predictive understanding of the world.
Since these forms of learning were recognized as two separate
types 80 years ago [3], a recurrent concern has been the
issue of whether one biological process can account for
both of them [4–9]. Today, we know the anatomical structures
required for successful learning in several different
paradigms, e.g., operant and classical processes can be
localized to different brain regions in rodents [9] and an
identified neuron in Aplysia shows opposite biophysical
changes after operant and classical training, respectively
[5]. We also know to some detail the molecular mechanisms
underlying some forms of learning and memory consolidation.
However, it is not known whether operant and classical
learning can be distinguished at the molecular level. Therefore,
we investigated whether genetic manipulations could
differentiate between operant and classical learning in Drosophila.
We found a double dissociation of protein kinase
C and adenylyl cyclase on operant and classical learning.
Moreover, the two learning systems interacted hierarchically
such that classical predictors were learned preferentially
over operant predictors.
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