Mahamid (2003) Developments and Changes in the Establishment of Islamic Educational Institutions in Medieval Jerusalem

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Developments and Changes in the Establishment of Islamic Educational Institutions in Medieval Jerusalem

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CONTRIBUTORS:

Author:

Mahamid, Hatim Muhammad (Ben Gurion University)

JOURNAL:

Annales islamologiques, 37(??), 329 - 354.

YEAR:

2003

PUB TYPE:

Journal Article

SUBJECT(S):

The history of Educational institutions in Jerusalem during the late Middle Ages, (the Ayyubid and the Mamluk periods)

DISCIPLINE:

History

HTTP:

http://www.ifao.egnet.net/doc/Publications/DocNouvPub/Periodiques/AnIsl_37.htm

LANGUAGE:

English

PUB ID:

103-427-907 (Last edited on 2006/09/04 15:27:16 GMT-6)

SPONSOR(S):

ABSTRACT:
The processes of change and their effects on establishing the various kinds of Islamic educational institutions in Jerusalem during the medieval period began with the city’s liberation from Crusader rule by the sultan Salah al-Din al-Ayyûbî in the year 583/1187. However, records show that the pace of building these institutions was relatively slow in Ayyubid Jerusalem, compared with that occurring in the other cities of Syria and Egypt during the same period. Two key factors had a negative impact on the dedication of educational facilities: the continued Crusader threat in the region, and particularly in Jerusalem, and the struggles for succession within the Ayyubid regime itself. A turning point came with the rise to power of the Mamluks. Through their victories in the Syrian territories over the Mongols, the Crusaders and the Shî‘î remnants, the Mamluks gained and consolidated great political power and legitimacy for the authority of their rule. In addition to stabilizing their political and governmental power, the Mamluks strived to entrench their social and religious standing through the allocation of financial endowments and the construction of educational and religious institutions in all the cities of their domain, in proportion to these cities’ centrality. Jerusalem was one of the most significant cities in Syria, attracting special attention from Mamluk rulers of all levels, both for its holiness and its position in the Mamluk scheme of reinforcing the security and stability of Greater Syria’s southern regions (Palestine and the coastal area). The rate of increased building of educational institutions in Mamluk Jerusalem was similar to the rate of building in the other cities under Mamluk dominion. However, the implications of historical circumstances were somewhat different, and favorable, in the case of Jerusalem. This was primarily the case after the last Mongol incursion into Syrian regions in the year 803/1400, and the political and economic crises that occurred during the 15th century and until the Ottoman conquest. As a result, Jerusalem’s educational institutions appeared to be better preserved and maintained through the end of the Mamluk period, when compared to those institutions in the cities of northern Syria such as Damascus and Aleppo.

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