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CONTRIBUTORS:
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JOURNAL:
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YEAR:
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2004
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PUB TYPE:
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Journal Article
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SUBJECT(S):
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Ghulâms of Khazar origin in the ‘Abbâsid Caliphate
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DISCIPLINE:
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History
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HTTP:
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LANGUAGE:
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English
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PUB ID:
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103-415-721
(Last edited on
2005/05/08 20:09:39 GMT-6)
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SPONSOR(S):
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ABSTRACT:
The Khazars were the leading opponents of Umayyad expansion into the North Caucasus and beyond. One of the little-studied areas of Khazar-Arab interactions is the role played by ghulâms of Khazar origin in the ‘Abbâsid Caliphate. The nature of the ghulâm system remains the subject of controversy. Was it truly a slave system or was it simply a means of expressing political-personal loyalty? Were its origins native to the Islamic Near East or was it imported from Central Asia (cf. the Soghdian châkar system)? The author is inclined to see important Iranian and Turkic notions about the ruler’s comitatus as key factors in shaping this institution. The ghulâms in a new political-social environment, segregated from the rest of the population, may have formed ethnic-based cliques. There is some evidence for the existence of a Khazar faction. Some Khazar ghulâms (e.g. Îtâkh, Bugha al-Kabîr, Ishâq b. Kundâjîq) attained positions of great prominence. Khazars were recruited from prisoners of war, the slave trade via Khazaria, Volga Bulgharia, Khwârazm and the larger Sâmânid world. The number of Khazar ghulâms in Caliphal service declined by the early tenth century (era of Rus’ Volga-Caspian raids).
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