Scale Development and Validation in the Area of Sport Management: From Face Validity to Factor Structure
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CONTRIBUTORS:
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CONFERENCE NAME:
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CONF. LOCATION:
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Atlanta, Georgia
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CONFERENCE YEAR:
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2004
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PUB TYPE:
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Conference Presentation
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SUBJECT(S):
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None
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DISCIPLINE:
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Research Methods
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HTTP:
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LANGUAGE:
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English
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PUB ID:
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103-408-600
(Last edited on
2004/10/14 20:20:57 GMT-6)
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SPONSOR(S):
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ABSTRACT:
Numerous sport management studies have contributed to the assessment of service quality in recreation and health-fitness settings (e.g., Chelladurai, Scott, and Haywood-Farmer, 1987; Howat, Absher, Criley, & Milne, 1996; Kim and Kim, 1995; MacKay & Crompton, 1988, 1990; Papadimitriou & Karteroliotis, 2000; Wright, Duray, & Goodale, 1992). Measurement procedures adopted by these researchers varied drastically from one to another. Different approaches resulted in different contents and formats for the formulated scales. A number of critical questions remain: What research procedures must be employed to ensure the measurement properties of scales? To what extent do the existing scales meet the proposed measurement criteria? What general criteria are used to determine the reliability and validity of scales? How can the merits of the scales be utilized to avoid their weaknesses? What should be done to further strengthen the measurement of service quality in recreation and health-fitness management? The purpose of this presentation will be to discuss appropriate procedures, contemporary issues, and misconception related to scale development in recreation and health-fitness management. Fundamental and advanced measurement theories, procedures, and applications will be introduced and discussed without statistical jargon. From A to Z, this presentation will start with content validity and end with advanced scale validation procedures, including confirmatory factor analysis and generalizability. Emphases will be placed on techniques to improve a scale’s content validity during the item formulation stage and the different rationale in scale modification. Various theories of extraction and rotation methods in exploratory factor analysis will be explained. The latest approaches in confirming the factor structure of scales (such as estimation methods, sample size requirement, and composite reliability) will be presented. Finally, the existing scales for service quality in recreation and health-fitness management will be assessed according to the posed measurement standards, and recommendations will be made in terms of scale application and modification.
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