Die Entwicklung psychischer Struktur aus der Sicht der empirischen Säuglingsforschung
|
 |
|
Post a Comment
|
|
|
|
|
CONTRIBUTORS:
|
|
|
JOURNAL:
|
|
|
YEAR:
|
1997
|
|
PUB TYPE:
|
Journal Article
|
|
SUBJECT(S):
|
psychotherapy, anthropology, system theory, psychoanalysis, newborn, developmental psychology
|
|
DISCIPLINE:
|
Psychology
|
|
HTTP:
|
http://gestalttheory.net/gth/
|
|
LANGUAGE:
|
English
|
|
PUB ID:
|
103-404-943
(Last edited on
2004/12/20 02:52:24 US/Mountain)
|
|
SPONSOR(S):
|
|
|
ABSTRACT:
The introduction is concerned with qualifying the anthropological tenets of the traditional psychotherapeutic methods because of their largely speculative basis. I am convinced that a more stringent empirical basis will draw closer different schools of thought. As an important basis for a general theoretic foundation which is acceptable for all the different schools I would emphasise both system theory, and the empirical infant research of the past twenty years. The former provided us with the theoretic basis for understanding the processes of all organisms alive, the latter contributed in a number of studies a revolutionary new view on the abilities and needs of newborns and infants. Additionally - and this carries great importance - this new viewpoint is reconcilable with system theoretic notions. However, a large number, if not most of the central psychoanalytic hypotheses also need reviewing.
System theory assumes that there is no unorganised initial state. Life is always related to some form of organisation and hence to regulatory activity (self-and mutual regulation).
Accordingly, the study of newborns revealed that they have numerous abilities and needs. My presentation describes thirteen of these innate of near inate abilities as well as another seven which enable the infant in particular to enter into interpersonal contact.
On the part of the carers there need be specific abilities as well which may even be genetically embodied as „intuitive parenting“. The sensitivity of the parents response may be split into four components which are discussed in the presentation.
The first two or three months are mainly characterised by the carer regulating through heterogeneous activity the psychological processes of the infant. This is happening, however, within a relationship i.e. in the interplay of two subjectivities, albeit that of the infant ist rudimentary in comparison. If these regulatory actions are happening with a certain regularity (according to a pattern), they lead to what is expected in terms of maternal response. As the cognition, these expected response patterns are scenic. They funcion as internal work models of the world, they regulate experience and behaviour and are hence to be named as the principal element of what we call psychic structure or organisation.
If the first stage has been dealt with successfully, the second stage will exhibit a significantly more emotionally marked contact between mother and child. Accordingly, emotional elements of the regulation of the relationship are predominat in this stage. This is what made M. Mahler speak of a symbiotic awareness, an idea, however, which has recently been moved away from.
Using these two phases (due to a lack of time the remaining stages of development can not be included in the presentation) a gneral regularity of the development ist formulated. The less organised stage ist incorporated in the more highly organised stage, therefor it continues to be activated, but fades into the background.
The development of a higher stage of organisation of the psychic structure leads to an increasing ability for autoregulation, even though hetero-regulative elements retain a fundamental importance (which is not to be confused, however, with dependence) thoughout life.
|
|
|
|
STATISTICS
|
|
Click on # to view
|
|
Citations
|
|
1
|
|
References
|
|
0
|
|
Comments
|
|
0
|
|
Quality
|
|
0/0.00
|
|
Interest
|
|
0/0.00
|
|
View(er)s
|
|
1/365
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Prev |
Next |
|