"An Epistle of Sayyid 'Alí Muhammad 'the Báb' to Sultan Abdulmecid'
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CONTRIBUTORS:
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JOURNAL:
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Lights of Irfan (Papers presented at the 'irfán Colloquia),
4(??),
1 -
15.
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YEAR:
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2003
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PUB TYPE:
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Journal Article
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SUBJECT(S):
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Baha'i Studies; The Bab; Ottoman Empire; Sultan Abdulmecid; Iran; Shi'a
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DISCIPLINE:
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Religious Studies
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HTTP:
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http://www.irfancolloquia.org
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LANGUAGE:
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English
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PUB ID:
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103-395-821
(Last edited on
2004/12/07 08:20:42 US/Mountain)
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SPONSOR(S):
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ABSTRACT:
In its first days the Babi community encountered a combined opposition from the Iranian and Ottoman authorities. Sayyid ‘Ali Muhammad Shirazi (1819-1850), ‘the Bab,’ the founder of the Babi religion, commenced the proclamation of his mission to eighteen disciples from among the followers of the Shaykhi school. He then directed them to go out and spread the tidings of the advent of the forerunner or gate (bāb) of the Hidden 12th Imam, al-Mahdi, in his person, without disclosing his real name. The new movement constituted a real danger to the Shi‘i clerics in an atmosphere of growing social and economic hardships in times of decline and the intrusion of Europe in the Middle East. Furthermore, the completion of thousand hijrī years in 1260 (1844-1845) since the Great Occultation of Muhammad al-Mahdi served as a basis for messianic movements, in particular the Shaykhiyya school, in the Shi‘i holy cities of Najaf and Karbala in Ottoman Iraq. The triangle of the Ottoman Empire, Iran and the Sunni/Shi‘i ‘ulama, is important in this context. This paper deals with the rise of the Babi religion and the reactions it received from the secular and religious powers vis-à-vis developments, mainly the religious policy during the Tanzimat (‘reordering period’) in the Ottoman Empire during early years of Sultan Abdulmecid’s reign (1839-1861) and in particular in the vilayet (province) of Iraq ruled by Necib Paşa, and how the Bab and his followers have in turn responded to the challenges they faced.
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