Colman, Persyn, Daly and Stijnen (1998) A comparison of the intra-cycle velocity variation in breaststroke swimmers with flat and undulating styles

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A comparison of the intra-cycle velocity variation in breaststroke swimmers with flat and undulating styles

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CONTRIBUTORS:

	Author:	Colman, V.
	Author:	Persyn, U.
	Author:	Daly, D. (Catholic University of Leuven)
	Author:	Stijnen, V.

JOURNAL:

Journal of Sports Sciences (JSS), 16(7), ?? - ??.

YEAR:

1998

PUB TYPE:

Journal Article

SUBJECT(S):

SWIMMING; BREASTSTROKE; CENTRE-OF-GRAVITY; SPEED; VIDEOTAPE; VISUAL-FEEDBACK; COMPARATIVE-STUDY

DISCIPLINE:

No discipline assigned

HTTP:

LANGUAGE:

English

PUB ID:

103-366-588 (Last edited on 2002/03/31 17:43:47 US/Mountain)

SPONSOR(S):

ABSTRACT:
The aim of this study was to establish differences in intra-cyclic horizontal velocity variation of the body's centre of mass in breaststroke swimmers with flat and undulating styles. Vertical eel-like body waving and trunk rotations were measured to distinguish styles. To reconstruct trunk extension and kyphosis in the poorly visible zone close to the water surface, a semi-automated video-analysis system was developed. From 45 international-level swimmers examined, two groups of women and two groups of men were identified, those using the most undulating and those using the flattest styles. Among the men with the flattest style, the maximum and minimum horizontal velocity of the body's centre of mass differed by 76 percent from the mean swimming velocity; among the women with the most undulating style, the figure was 53 percent. In the most undulating style, less horizontal velocity variation of the body's centre of mass could be explained by movements of the body parts above the water surface, creating a transfer of momentum: a quick backward upper trunk rotation generates resistance and a quick forward shoulder girdle and upper arm movement, followed by a quick forward upper trunk and head rotation, generates propulsion. In addition, during an upward leg kick, some swimmers generated propulsion similar to that seen in eels.

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