A three-dimensional cinematographical analysis of the volleyball spike
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CONTRIBUTORS:
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JOURNAL:
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YEAR:
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1993
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PUB TYPE:
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Journal Article
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SUBJECT(S):
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VOLLEYBALL; SPIKING; ELITE-ATHLETE; KINEMATICS; MAN
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DISCIPLINE:
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No discipline assigned
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HTTP:
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LANGUAGE:
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English
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PUB ID:
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103-366-361
(Last edited on
2002/02/27 18:45:01 US/Mountain)
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SPONSOR(S):
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ABSTRACT:
The objectives of this study were to describe the volleyball spiking actions used by players in top-level competition, and also to examine the interrelationships between upper limb, lower limb and whole body kinematic variables, and post-impact ball speed in the spiking technique. Two Photosonics Biomechanics 500 cine-cameras operating at a nominal frame rate of 100 Hz wre used to film the spiking actions of 10 male senior international volleyball players at the XVI Universiade (1991 World Student Games). Three-dimensional objects space co-ordinates of digitized image co-ordinates were obtained using a DLT algorithm and an array of calibration points in the filmed volume. Relationships between lower limb angular kinematics at take-off, centre of mass vertical velocity at take-off and centre of mass vertical displacement (jump height) were examined. Relationships between angular kinematics of the hitting arm and post-impact ball speed were also determined. The mean (plus/minus S.E.) centre of mass verical velocity at take-off was 3.59 plus/minus 0.05 m s-1 and the mean height jump was 0.62 plus/minus 0.02 m. As expected, a significant correlation was found between the square of the centre of mass vertical velocity at take-off and jump height (r = 0.78; P is less than 0.01). No significant correlations were found between lower limb angular kinematics and centre of mass vertical velocity at take-off or jump height. The mean post-impact ball speed was 27.0 plus/minus 0.9 m s-1, and this was significantly correlated to maximum right humerus angular velocity (r = 0.75; P is less than 0.01). Trunk rotation angular kinematics and right elbow angular velocity did not correlate significantly with post-impact ball speed. It was also noted that the majority of players filmed did not fit into any of the spiking categories identified in earlier studies.
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STATISTICS
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