Bishop, Cureton, Conerly and Collins (1989) Sex difference in muscle cross-sectional area of athletes and non-athletes

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Sex difference in muscle cross-sectional area of athletes and non-athletes

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CONTRIBUTORS:

	Author:	Bishop, P.
	Author:	Cureton, K.
	Author:	Conerly, M.
	Author:	Collins, M.

JOURNAL:

Journal of Sports Sciences (JSS), 7(1), ?? - ??.

YEAR:

1989

PUB TYPE:

Journal Article

SUBJECT(S):

MUSCLE; SEX-FACTOR; MAN; WOMAN; ATHLETE; NON-ATHLETE; COMPARATIVE-STUDY

DISCIPLINE:

No discipline assigned

HTTP:

LANGUAGE:

English

PUB ID:

103-366-273 (Last edited on 2002/02/27 18:45:02 US/Mountain)

SPONSOR(S):

ABSTRACT:
The purpose of the present study was to determine whether there is a sex difference in limb muscle cross-sectional area by comparing upper- and lower-body limb fat-free cross-sectional areas (FFCSAs) adjusted for differences in fat-free weight (FFW), in male and female athletes with similar histories of upper-body physical conditioning and in non-athletes. Limb FFCSAs were calculated from circumferences corrected for subcutaneous fat thickness and FFW was estimated from body density measured by underwater weighing in 24 male and 25 female swimmers and 23 male and 25 female non-athletes, 15 to 28 years of age. The male swimmers had 32 percent larger FFWs and 49 percent larger upper-arm, similar forearm and 23 percent larger thigh FFCSAs compared to the female swimmers. The male non-athletes had 34 percent FFWs, 61 percent larger upper-arms, 54 percent larger forearms and 35 percent larger thighs than female non-athletes. To adjust for differences in body size, analysis of covariance was performed on the FFCSAs using FFW as the covariate. For the swimmers there were no significant differences in the adjusted FFCSAs. For the non-athletes, males had significantly larger adjusted upper-arm and forearm FFCSAs than females but thigh FFCSAs were not significantly different. Possible long-term differences in activity between sexes should be considered in comparisons of functional or performance measures between sexes.

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