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CONTRIBUTORS:
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JOURNAL:
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YEAR:
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1986
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PUB TYPE:
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Journal Article
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SUBJECT(S):
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SOCCER; HOME-ADVANTAGE; SUCCESS; RETROSPECTIVE-STUDY
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DISCIPLINE:
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No discipline assigned
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HTTP:
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LANGUAGE:
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English
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PUB ID:
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103-366-241
(Last edited on
2002/02/27 18:45:02 US/Mountain)
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SPONSOR(S):
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ABSTRACT:
The existence of home advantage has been established for all major professional team sports in England and North America. The advantage was found to be greatest in soccer, with the home team currently obtaining about 64% of all points gained in the English Football League. Home advantage has changed very little since the formation of the League in 1888 and there are only small variations between the four Divisions of the League. The advantage is less marked in local derbies, in the FA Cup and in non-professional competitions. It is greater in the European Cup and increases as the stages of the competition progress. The allocation of three points, instead of two, for a win in the Football League has not changed home advantage, but its effect has been greatly reduced in the GM Vauxhall Conference where an away win gains more points than a home win. The statistical evidence suggests that crowd support and travel fatigue contribute less to home advantage in soccer than do the less easily quantifiable benefits of familiarity with conditions when playing at home. Further possible explanations for the advantage are discussed in the light of findings in other sports. Lists six hypothesized reasons for home advantage: local crowd support, travel fatigue, familiarity with local conditions, referee bias, special tactics, and psychological factors. Assesses the phenomenon of home advantage in professional soccer against this background. Examines retrospective data from the Football League in England, and finds that home advantage has changed very little since the formation of the League in 1888. Results indicate that teams playing at home obtain about 64% of all points in the League. Comparison with other major league professional team sports suggests that although home advantage exists for all sports, it is a bigger factor in soccer than in other sports. Evidence for the hypothesized reasons for home advantage is inconclusive.
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