The importance of analyzing position-specific self-efficacy
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ABSTRACT:
The purposes of this study were to assess perceptions of position-specific and cross-skill self-efficacy in a team sport and to assess the effect of competition level on skill-specific self-efficacy. Data were collected from 110 British amateur players (M age = 26.93, SD = 5.8) competing in either a 1st, 2nd, or 3rd Division team of the Godfrey Davis Women's Field Hockey League. One hour prior to a league game players completed measures including 8 items assessing the magnitude and strength (Bandura, 1986) of skill-specific self-efficacy. Based on the results of a pilot study, the 8 skills were considered to be task-specific to forward (3 items), defensive (3 items), and midfield (2 items) positions. Results of 3 X 3 (Position by Division) between subjects MANOVA/ANOVAs and Scheffe tests indicated that forwards scored significantly (p < .05) higher on the forward-specific self-efficacy scores than either midfielders or defense. Furthermore, 1st Division athletes scored significantly (p < .05) higher on the forward-specific self-efficacy scores than either 2nd or 3rd Division athletes. There were no significant differences found between athletes on the measure of cross-skill self-efficacy. Findings are discussed with regard to the need to examine skill-specific, rather than generalized, self-efficacy in the relationship between self-efficacy and performance in sport.
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