Athletes' perceptions of the home advantage: an investigation of perceived causal factors
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ABSTRACT:
Although the home advantage in sport competitions has been consistently documented in over twenty years of research, factors that contribute to the home advantage have seldom been investigated. Courneya and Carron (1992) have proposed a framework for game location research, however, the game location factors identified in this model were based on the results of archival research and have not been validated with research involving participants who are presumed to be influenced by such factors. The purpose of the present study was to examine intercollegiate basketball players' perceptions of (a) game location factors they believed influenced their team's performance, (b) the influence that game location factors in Courneya and Carron's (1992) model had on their team's performance, and (c) their team's collective efficacy (Bandura, 1997) when playing at home compared to away. Athletes reported familiarity with the home court, the home crowd, and travel demands were important game location factors. Familiarity with the home court and home crowd support were perceived to have had the greatest influence on team performance. Collective efficacy of teams was also perceived to be greater when playing at home compared to away. Results provided support for the validity of game location factors identified in Courneya and Carron's (1992) model and suggest that collective efficacy is among the critical psychological states that may be influenced by game location.
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