Sources of stress, burnout, and intention to terminate among basketball referees
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ABSTRACT:
Questionnaires assessing sources of stress, burnout, and intention to terminate refereeing were returned by 721 of 1500 basketball referees (48 %). Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses revealed five correlated sources of stress factors (Performance Concerns, Fear of Physical Harm, Lack of Recognition, Time Pressure, and Interpersonal Conflict) accounting for 50 % of the variance. Referees rated four of the factors as mildly related to their stress, though Fear of Physical Harm was not related to their stress. A structural model hypothesizing that: (a) Performance Concerns, Time Pressure, and Interpersonal Conflict predict burnout, and (b) age and burnout predict intention to terminate refereeing fit the observed data, with a Goodness of Fit Index of .97. Research has consistently indicated that Interpersonal Conflict, Fear of Physical Harm, Time Pressure, and Performance Concerns are sources of stress for sport officials. Burnout in sport officials is consistently related to Performance Concerns, Time Pressure, and Interpersonal Conflict, and burnout is a consistent predictor of intention to terminate.
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