Examining fan reactions to game outcomes: a longitudinal study of social identity
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ABSTRACT:
The purpose of this study was to examine the role of social identity and contextual components of the sporting event (expectations, outcome, and media attention) on fans' perceptions of a football team. Over the course of a university football season (14 weeks), data was collected on 74 participants about their perceptions of the team following each game. Consistent with predictions, the results found that fans with a strong university identity rated the team more favorably over the course of the season than fans with a weak university identity. Fans with a strong university identity also evaluated the team more favorably after wins than losses, following game outcomes that were expected rather than unexpected, and after positive game events (e.g., media coverage) than negative game events. Fans with weak university identification did not show any differences in their evaluations of the team. These results are discussed in the context of social identity theory.
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