Attributional retraining as a method of improving athletic performance
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ABSTRACT:
Research in three traditions within social psychology, (the attributional model of achievement motivation, self-efficacy theory, and learned helplessness theory), suggests that attributing failure to lack of ability is detrimental to future motivation and performance. Attributional retraining, a technique in which individuals are taught to change motivation-undermining attributions to more facilitative ones, was administered to members of a high school boys varsity basketball team. During regularly scheduled practices, half of the subjects received feedback about shooting technique and were encouraged to attribute any performance to lack of effort rather than to lack of ability. The remaining control subjects received feedback on their shooting technique only, with no attributional retraining. After a 4-week training period, subjects in the attributional retraining group showed more mastery-oriented attributions and greater improvement in their shooting than did the control group.
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