Cognitive style in adolescent competitive athletes as a function of culture and gender
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ABSTRACT:
Cognitive style is a stable, relatively permanent disposition that reflects a person's preferences for receiving, processing, and responding to external signals. Presently, no psychological instrument exists that ascertains the cognitive style of competitive athletes. The purpose of this study was to examine the efficacy of cognitive style in sport as a function of two dimensions and six sub-dimensions, each derived from the extant literature. Primary dimensions were internal and external. Internal sub-dimensions consisted of perception, personal dispositions, and affect. External sub-dimensions included social needs, behavioral tendencies, and environmental features. Subjects (N=973) were competitive Australian athletes (N=395; 186 females and 209 males), New Zealand (N=167; 98 females and 69 males), and Singapore (N=411; 246 females and 165 males), ages 11 to 17 yrs. Multiple discriminant analysis was significant between all groups, with the first function accounting for 69.8 percent of the total dispersion, and the second function accounting for a further 19.2 percent. The results indicate that cognitive style in competitive sport settings is partially dependent on gender and culture, but that more similarities than differences exist between cultures and genders on the cognitive style measures depicted in this study, at least among adolescent-aged athletes.
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