Imagery orientation and vividness: their effect on a motor skill performance
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ABSTRACT:
Two studies were conducted to examine the effect of imagery on a eye-hand coordination task (throwing a ball in a basket). In the first study 75 high school students were divided into 3 treatment conditions and one control. The experimental conditions were comprised of watching a short video clip of either 15 successful basketball foul shots or 15 unsuccessful shots, or of recreational skiing. Then the subjects were taught how to experience and feel movement through relaxation and imagery. In the second study, similar procedures were applied to 20 subjects who were students in a coaching academy. In study 1, the four shooting trials were performed at one week intervals; in study 2, they were performed twice a week. In study 1, results indicated that while imagery vividness remained high and unchanged across four trials in all groups, performance improved with time as a result of acquaintance with the task. However, in study 2, external imagery orientation increased while performance remained unchanged. We conclude that imagery can contribute to performance only when subjects efficiently master the task. Accordingly, novice subjects should first practice the task and only later integrate imagery into their practical programs.
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