A classificatory system of anxiety-inducing situations in four team sports
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ABSTRACT:
Few studies in the field competitive sport anxiety have systematically examined the objective characteristics of specific within-game anxiety-inducing situations. Without a greater understanding of these situational features, the advancement of a complete theory of competitive sport anxiety is limited. The purpose of this study was to identify and classify anxiety-inducing game situations on the basis of their objective characteristics. University and regional athletes (N = 185) from four team sports (basketball, field hockey, ice hockey, and soccer) served as subjects in the study. Athlete-generated responses (n = 821) were subjected to the inductive procedure of cluster analysis. Four principle superordinate anxiety-inducing game categories emerged: (a) Ongoing Game Situations, (b) Game/Score/Time Criticality Situations, (c) Coach Related Situations and (d) Miscellaneous Situations. Contained within these four categories, the main situational subcategories that emerged from the data related to offensive situations, defensive situations, injury situations, stoppages, pregame situations, within-game flow situations, personnel decisions, tactical coaching decision conflicts, performance feedback, officiating, teammates, opponents, and the audience. Overall, analysis supported the existence of a set of competitive situations which typically produce anxiety and which can also be applied across a variety of similarly structured team sport settings.
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