The moderating effects of aerobic fitness and mental training on stress reactivity
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ABSTRACT:
The goals of this study were to determine whether: (a) a mental training program could moderate psychological and physiological stress responses in a modified Stroop Task and/or speed recovery, (b) mental training was superior to aerobic fitness in its ability to attenuate responses and speed recovery, and (c) there was any benefit to combining mental training and aerobic fitness. Psychological reactivity was assessed by the State version of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-S) and the State version of the Cognitive-Somatic Anxiety Questionnaire (CSAQ-S). Physiological reactivity was assessed by skin temperature, heart rate, and skin conductance. Fitness and mental training both had beneficial effects in some of the dependent measures of stress reactivity. However, there was little overlap in the particular measures influenced by aerobic fitness and the measures influenced by mental training, suggesting that the stress response is not unitary and that fitness and mental training influence different components of the stress response. Moreover, analyses of raw scores versus Trend analyses assessing change across time yielded different outcomes for the heart rate measure, leading us to suggest a clearer distinction between "moderator variables" and "suppressor variables."
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