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ABSTRACT:
Investigators mailed surveys containing questions about assaults on umpires to 1500 members of randomly selected umpire associations. Surveys were returned by 782 umpires. Their average age was 43 years, and their average umpiring experience was 13.6 years. Eighty-four umpires reported they had been assaulted at some time during their careers. While most of the assaults (44 percent) were minor, such as pushing or grabbing, many (43 percent) were more serious, such as choking or hitting with a bat. In baseball competition, proportionally more coaches than players carried out the assaults; in softball proportionally more players were involved. There was also evidence that alcohol consumption was a factor in some softball assaults. Unsolicited responses suggest that the consequences for assaulting umpires are inconsistent, only occasionally involve the legal system, and most frequently involve suspension from competition. It is concluded that these assaults are frequent enough and often serious enough to warrant organized concern. However, there is a need to replicate the study in other settings and to assess the consequences of umpire assaults more directly.
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