The presentation of human biological diversity in sport and exercise science textbooks: the example of 'race'
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ABSTRACT:
The 'race' concept has become an institutionalized feature of contemporary legal, occupational, and academic settings. In the academic realm, the concept has often been used by textbook authors who seek to readily classify human population. This study examined definitions within selected sport/exercise science textbooks. Such operational definitions were examined in light of the extensive evidence from physical anthropology and biology which proposes that 'race' is an inappropriate typological construct for describing human physical diversity. A total of 32 textbooks from the subdisciplines of biomechanics, exercise physiology, motor development, motor learning, and measurement and evaluation were studied using content analysis methodology. Analysis revealed that textbook authors who utilize the concept as an organismic variable do so contra to the extensive anthropological research irrespective of whether 'race' is used as a categorical variable or organismic variable. As such, its utilization in either form naturalizes embedded biases and is antiscientific. It is suggested that sport science in this area would be better served by incorporating anthropology, history, and sociology.
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