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ABSTRACT:
In order to increase adherence to exercise programs, it is necessary to understand whether reasons or incentives for exercise vary across age. According to the theory of personal investment motivation to exercise will be high if the exercise experience meets the person's specific exercise goals. Two hundred and seventy-two females between the ages of 18 and 60 years completed an exercise incentive questionnaire. One-way ANOVAs were conducted to determine whether the importance of eleven specific exercise incentives differed across four age groups; under 31 years (n = 75), 31-40 years (n = 57), 41-50 years (n = 71), and 51-60 years (n = 39). Results showed that the youngest age group reported exercising significantly more as a means for gaining recognition than the 31-40 age group. The three youngest groups also reported exercising more as a means to control weight than the oldest group. Physical health, fitness, stress management, task mastery, and appearance were highly valued by subjects of all ages while competition and creative expression were the least valued incentives across the four age groups. The importance of mental health and affiliation as reasons for exercise incresed with advancing age. Since incentives appear to vary by age, exercise programs must be structured to meet the goals of the specific participants. Based upon the results of this study, exercise programs for older women should emphasize the physical and mental health benefits of exercise, allow for social interaction and stress reduction, and promote mastery experiences.
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