Effect of goal difficulty on performance of aerobic, anaerobic and power tasks in laboratory and field settings
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ABSTRACT:
The present investigation examined the effect of goal difficulty on performance of aerobic, anaerobic and power tasks in both laboratory and field settings. Male subjects (n=104) performed the tasks of hill run, horizontal bar, parallel bars, rope-climbing, 3000 m run, obstacle course and dynamometer grip, whereas female subjects (n=80) performed the tasks of hill run, rope-hanging, situps, 2000 m run, obstacle course, and dynamometer grip. All subjects were given pre and post questionnaires assessing goal acceptance, goal commitment, effort and goal difficulty. Subjects were matched on baseline performance and randomly assigned into four experimental groups ("easy", "moderate", "hard", and "very hard" goal difficulty levels), and two control groups ("do" and "do your best" conditions). Results revealed that performance scores on all physical tasks did not vary among all experimental conditions and controls. In addition, questionnaires revealed few significant differences between males and females relating to the setting of goals. However, it was found that more than 50 percent of subjects in the control conditions spontaneously set goals for themselves. Results are discussed in terms of the goal attainability assumption, intrinsic motivation, and psychological gender differences. Future research directions are recommended in terms of potential mediating variables. In addition, more longitudinal designs are encouraged.
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