The relationship between motivation and self-efficacy in competitive athletes participating in swimming, ice hockey, and basketball
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ABSTRACT:
The relationship between motivation and self-efficacy in swimmers and ice hockey and basketball players was examined in three separate field investigations. The swimming study, conducted in a simulated competitive environment, involved male and female subjects (N=84) possessing low, moderate, and high skill. The ice hockey and basketball studies, conducted in an actual competitive environment, involved highly skilled male athletes; hockey (N=106) and basketball (N=10). The data analyses produced inconclusive results. Although the positive Pearson Product-Moment correlations obtained in the swimming study r = .30, p less than .003) and hockey study (r = .39, p less than .001) were significant, the association between self-efficacy and motivation was not as strong as was anticipated. Additional support for this conclusion was provided by the width of the 95 percent confidence intervals; swimming (.10, .52) and hockey (.23, .54). The Pearson Product-Moment correlation obtained in the basketball study was not significant. Further analyses produced diverse results. Of greatest importance was the finding that low, moderate, and high skilled swimmers with high self-efficacy possessed significantly lower motivation (r = .52, p less than .001). Although past research has determined there is a positive linear relationship between self-efficacy and motivation, the results of these three studies did not produce findings of conclusive support. Consequently, it is possible that the relationship between these factors is considerably more elusive than was previously believed.
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