A three-dimensional crisis-related analysis of perceived teammates' behavior in competition
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ABSTRACT:
It is hypothesized that perceived teammates' behavior in competition can be analyzed in terms of teammates' positive, negative, or lack of response, which expectedly or unexpectedly follows an athlete's successful or unsuccessful action, or which is independent of an athlete's action. The purpose of this study was to investigate the perceived contribution of these variables to extreme psychological arousal states (crisis, non crisis). Elite male basketball, team handball, soccer and waterpolo players (n=36), and female elite gymnasts (n=23) responded to a questionnaire in which they were asked to estimate the occurrence probability of all possible combinations among these variables under crisis and non crisis conditions, according to the Bayesian approach. An RM-ANOVA procedure revealed that under the crisis condition, a negative response, an unsuccessful action and unexpected events were rated as more probable, whereas a positive response, a successful action and expected events were judged to more likely occur under the non crisis condition. The athlete's psychological state (crisis, non crisis) was indeed judged to be related to all other variables, but in particular to teammates' response and to athlete's action. The results are discussed in terms of several theoretical concepts, in reference to the construct of psychological performance crisis in competition.
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