The effect of goal difficulty and task complexity on intrinsic motivation and motor performance
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ABSTRACT:
The primary purpose of this study was to ascertain if intrinsic motivation could be undermined if subjects were required to meet a difficult goal, especially when performing a relatively complex motor task. Subjects, learning a motor task they found enjoyable, juggling two (easy task) or three items (difficult task), were placed in either an easy goal (50 percent better than their previous best score), difficult goal (100 percent better), own goal, or no goal (control) condition. The number of successful catches, judge's ratings (performance), and the Mayo Task Reaction Questionnaire, a measure of intrinsic motivation (IM) served as the dependent variables. ANOVAs revealed, contrary to expectations, that the difficult goal condition actually increased IM and did not inhibit performing both easy and more complex juggling skills. Conversely, easy goals decreased IM. In addition, performance improved significantly across trial blocks under all goal conditions. The results are discussed within Deci's cognitive evaluation theory, particularly with respect to the individual's perceived competency at task performance.
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