The home-course disadvantage in golf championships: further evidence for the undermining effect of supportive audiences on performance under pressure
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ABSTRACT:
R.F. Baumeister and A. Steinhilber proposed that the presence of a supportive audience engenders a state of self-attention when an imminent opportunity exists for claiming a desired identity (e.g., as champion in a sporting event). Furthermore, archival data on performance in baseball and basketball championship series suggested that this state of self-attention could interfere with the execution of skillful responses. In both sports, the performance of the home team deteriorated in relation to that of the visiting team as the series progressed. The goals of the current study were: (a) to test an alternative explanation of these findings - that hostile audiences facilitated the performance of the visiting players in decisive games, and (b) to assess the generality of Baumeister and Steinhilber's purported effect. The alternative explanation was tested by examining archival data on performance in a sporting event in which audiences are generally polite or non-hostile to visiting competitors - the British Open Golf Championship. The results supported Baumeister and Steinhilber's hypothesis. The scores of contending British golfers (i.e., 'home' players) were found to deteriorate more than those of contending foreign players from the first to the final round. These results therefore replicate and extend the generality of Baumeister and Steinhilber's original findings.
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