Rainey, Schweickert, Granito and Pullella (1990) Fans' evaluations of major league baseball umpires' performances and perceptions of appropriate behavior toward umpires

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Fans' evaluations of major league baseball umpires' performances and perceptions of appropriate behavior toward umpires

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CONTRIBUTORS:

	Author:	Rainey, D.
	Author:	Schweickert, G.
	Author:	Granito, V.
	Author:	Pullella, J.

JOURNAL:

Journal of Sport Behavior (JSB), 13(2), 122 - 129.

YEAR:

1990

PUB TYPE:

Journal Article

SUBJECT(S):

professional; baseball; spectator; umpire; officiating; judgement; hostility; perception

DISCIPLINE:

No discipline assigned

HTTP:

https://secure.sportquest.com/su.cfm?articleno=256050&title=256050

LANGUAGE:

English

PUB ID:

103-343-397 (Last edited on 2002/02/27 18:44:13 US/Mountain)

SPONSOR(S):

ABSTRACT:
It is common for fans and participants to express hostility toward sport officials. It was hypothesized that major league baseball fans believe umpires perform below expected standards and believe that it is acceptable to express verbal hostility toward umpires. Prior to two American League baseball games, 211 fans filled out a questionnaire indicating what percentage of calls umpires should and do get correct for ball/strike, first base, and tag out calls. Fans also rated the appropriateness of different behaviors by players and coaches (do nothing, politely question the call, argue heatedly, yell/swear at the umpire, physically attack the umpire) in situations where they believe the umpire has made a bad call. Analysis revealed that fans rated perceived performance significantly lower than expected performance for all three types of calls. This was especially true among female fans. Fans rated "politely question the call" as the most appropriate behavior toward umpires. However, substantial percentages of male fans rated "argue heatedly" and "yell/swear at the umpire" as at least sometimes acceptable. Results suggest that fans' evaluations of umpires' performances, combined with their tolerance for some forms of verbal abuse, contribute to the hostility commonly expressed toward umpires.

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