Contest location, player misconduct, and race: a case from English soccer
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ABSTRACT:
The phenomenon of home field advantage has been well documented in American and European spectator sports. This study investigates the effect of contest location on player misconduct for a London area English professional soccer team by reviewing the frequency and location of official cautions issued to players over a seven month period. A clear pattern of increasing disciplinary problems as a function of distance from home was revealed. The importance of game location was particularly great for black players whose home disciplinary record was similar to that of whites, but who were almost seven times more likely to be cautioned in out-of-London games. The results are explained in terms of social support, hostile crowds, intimidation of referees, and racism.
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