Motivational cue effects on bench-press performance and self-efficacy
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ABSTRACT:
The purpose of this experiment was to determine the effects of motivational cues (verbal, visual, verbal and visual, or no cues) provided by a spotter on the number of lifts completed in the bench-press exercise. The effect of these motivational cues on self-efficacy during this exercise was also evaluated. Subjects were pretested to determine the amount of weight that they could successfully bench-press eight times. Subjects performed four sets of the bench-press exercise at their individual pretest weight for each external cue condition. A two-minute rest interval was provided between sets, and the number of lifts completed in each set was recorded. Just prior to Sets 2, 3, and 4 each subject gave a self-efficacy rating pertaining to what their performance on these sets would be. Analysis of the data showed that the number of completed lifts was greater for the visual and verbal cue condition than for the verbal cue and no cue conditions. There were no significant differences for self-efficacy among the cue conditions. As the number of completed lifts decreased across sets, the self-efficacy measures increased. Self-efficacy ratings were interpreted as reflecting complex cognitive decision processes. Subjects were unable to accurately track fatigue related feedback across sets in making these decisions.
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