Sport role socialization: initial entry into the subculture of officiating
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ABSTRACT:
The process of socialization into the role of sport official is a largely neglected area compared to the emphasis placed on the entry of children, women, and minorities into the sport world. Officials provide a valuable and indispensable function, and knowledge of the factors that influence them to enter into this seemingly high tension, low status occupational subculture is essential. One hundred and eighteen volleyball, basketball, and softball male and female officials from a Midwest Division I Conference received a survey asking for demographic data and factors that influenced their initial involvement as officials. Ninety-two responses were received. The results showed that overall the officials were mostly in their late 30's from rural backgrounds who had started officiating after college age. The officials tended to be upwardly mobile, first-born, and college educated males who hold positions as managers and professionals. Factors that influenced their initial involvement in the subculture included their own interest and enthusiasm in the sport, the challenge they perceived and, to a lesser extent, their feeling of justice and fair play. Peers, former coaches, and officials were important significant others in the decision to start officiating. Initial involvement in this career path was therefore an active process determined in part by experiences as an athlete and receiving encouragement from significant others.
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