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ABSTRACT:
An analysis of school sport in England reveals many major differences with the situation in the United States. Although English private schools were the birthplace of many modern sports over a hundred years ago, the roots of English school sport for the masses are in physical education and are of rather recent vintage. While sport in private schools has always been associated with character development and leadership training, it is seen more in terms of health, enrichment, and recreation in the state schools. Extrinsic rewards such as recognition or special treatment are rare, and spectatorship is uncommon. Practice time is limited and coaching is by uncompensated teachers as the emphasis is placed upon games. Sport as big business does not exist in English universities where teams are analogous to United States Club sports and are organized and funded by students. These differences are explained in terms of population density, relative wealth, educational differences, the nature of the sports themselves, historical perspective, tradition, significance of the players, emphasis upon achievement and success, material rewards, and the social class systems of the two countries. Advantages of the English system appear to be greater immediate rewards and provides an alternative form of recognition to academic success. It also retains some students in the educational system and provides a legitimate outlet for aggression and self-expression. Presents a comparative description of the traditional English approach to interscholastic team sports, focusing on rugby, soccer, and cricket as played by schoolboys in England. Argues that the fundamental difference between school sport in England and in the United States is that American schools have, from the beginning, emphasized the importance of the character development function of 'public' school sport for all levels of society, while the roots of English school sport for the masses are fairly recent. Explains this difference in terms of population density, relative wealth, educational differences, the nature of the sports themselves, historical perspective, tradition, significance of the players, emphasis on achievement and success, material rewards, and the social class systems of the two countries. Looks at the advantages of both the English system and the American system.
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