Goal difficulty and endurance performance: a challenge to the goal attainability assumption
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ABSTRACT:
The purpose of the present investigation was to determine if unrealistically high goals will produce performance decrements in a physical education activity setting. Two experiments were conducted to test this proposition. In Experiment 1, subjects were randomly assigned to an easy, moderate, or extremely hard goal condition performing sit-ups over a five-week period. Results indicated no significant performance differences between the goal conditions. In Experiment 2, subjects were randomly assigned to an extremely hard, highly improbable, or a "do your best" goal condition, using the same task as Experiment 1. Results again produced no significant performance differences between the goal groups. Manipulation checks indicated that subjects from both experiments accepted their goals, tried hard to reach their goal, and accurately perceived the difficulty of their goal. The results support laboratory studies from the industrial and organizational literatures which have also found no deleterious effects of unrealistically high goals on performance. Implications for goal setting programs in physical activity settings are provided.
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