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ABSTRACT:
Twenty male baseball umpires and 20 male nonumpires participated in a visual discrimination task which simulated calling balls and strikes. Participants called 96 pitches presented on a computer display and rated their certainty for each call. Pitches were displayed at three speeds and in four different types of locations: clearly in, on the line, just out, and clearly out. Three-way analysis of variance (groups x location x speed) indicated that umpires and nonumpires did not differ in accuracy on this task. Both groups were most accurate judging pitches clearly in and clearly out and least accurate for pitches on the line. Speed of pitches was significantly, but minimally, related to accuracy for both groups. However, umpires were significantly more certain of their calls than nonumpires when the pitches were just outside the strike zone of their greater experience at making public judgements, their belief that the task was similar to real umpiring, or their belief that they should project confidence in their role as umpires. These results were interpreted in the context of Bandura's self-efficacy model. Male baseball umpires (n=20) and nonumpires (n=20) participate in a visual discrimination task which simulates calling balls and strikes. Participants call 96 pitches presented on a computer display, and rate their certainty for each call. Pitches are displayed at three speeds and in four different types of locations: clearly in, on the line, just out, and clearly out. Three-way analysis of variance groups x location x speed) indicates that umpires and nonumpires do not differ in accuracy. Umpires are significantly more certain of their calls than nonumpires when the pitches are just outside the strike zone or on the line. Interprets the results in the context of Bandura's self-efficacy model.
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