Psychological characteristics of elite visually impaired athletes: the iceberg profile
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ABSTRACT:
The purpose of this study was to compare selected psychological characteristics of 33 male and 15 female elite visually impaired (VI) athletes and to contrast these findings with those reported in the literature on able-bodied athletes. The subjects represented the United States in the 1984 International Games for the Disabled. The psychological characteristics of tension, depression, anger, vigor, fatigue, and confusion were measured utilizing the Profile of Mood States (POMS). Based on the findings, it was concluded that male and female visually impaired elite athletes are significantly different in tension, fatigue, and confusion. Male VI athletes demonstrate the iceberg profile that characterizes elite sighted athletes, whereas female VI athletes do not. The iceberg profile reflects below average in tension, depression, anger, fatigue, and confusion mood states and above average vigor mood state. Compares selected psychological characteristics of male n=33) and female (n=15) elite visually impaired athletes. Contrasts these findings with those reported in the literature on able-bodied athletes. Measures tension, depression, anger, vigour, fatigue, and confusion using the Profile of Mood States. Finds that male and female visually impaired athletes differ significantly in tension, fatigue, and confusion. Male athletes demonstrate psychological characteristics similar to those reported for elite sighted athletes, while visually impaired females possess characteristics which are typical of nonathletic females.
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