Social comparison and expectancy of success in a sport context
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ABSTRACT:
The sample in this study consisted of middle school, high school, and college students who self-rated their racquet sport ability as average. A questionnaire was administered which assessed each subject's expectancy of success in ten racquet contests against opponents of both sexes and five ability levels. Subjects rated how favorably they felt about competing against, playing doubles with, and practicing with each of the ten opponent/partners. Results of a MANOVA revealed that the older subjects (a) were less willing to compete, practice, or cooperate in a sport setting with lower ability players, (b) were more willing to compete, practice, or cooperate with players of equal or higher ability levels, (c) had higher expectancies of success in a sport contest against players of equal or lower ability, and (d) had lower expectancies of success against players of very high ability. Sex differences revealed that male expectancies for success were higher than female expectancies and males were more willing than females to compete against high-ability players and less willing to compete against lower-ability players. The results supported Festinger's (1954) similarity hypothesis in that in a sport setting subjects preferred to interact with similar ability players. Investigates the basic social comparison processes described by Festinger (1954). Middle school, high school, and college students n=132) who rate their racquet sport ability as average respond to a questionnaire which assesses each subject's social comparison tendencies toward opponents/partners of different sex and five different ability levels. Subjects rate how favourably they feel about competing against, playing doubles with, and practicing with each of ten opponents. Results indicate that older subjects are less willing to interact with lower ability players but more willing to interact with players of equal or higher ability levels. These older subjects have higher expectancies of success in a sport contest against players of equal or lower ability and lower expectancies against players of very high ability. Male expectancies are higher than female expectancies, and males are more willing than females to compete against high-ability players and less willing to compete against lower-ability players.
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