An exploratory observational behavior analysis of professional golfers during competition
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ABSTRACT:
A behavior analysis was completed on 12 tour players of the Ladies Professional Golf Association (LPGA) during competition. Trained observers recorded preshot routine behavior for the full swing and putt. Total times, partial times, and different components of the routines were assessed. Postshot behaviors, 1983 rank on tour, 1983 scoring average, playing performance, and years on tour were also analyzed. The results indicated that all golfers were remarkably consistent with regard to time and behavioral actions such as waggles and glances at the hole. Golfers were divided into two groups based on 1983 rank. There were significant differences between the two groups with the lower rated players (more successful) having longer total times for the full shot and putting routines and a lower score over the 12 observed holes. The longer preshot routine times of the successful tour players may reflect more developed preparation strategies. Consistent preshot routines appear to be associated with elite golf performance and may be a necessary skill for performing in discontinuous sports which take place over many hours. Observed the preshot behaviour of tour players (n=12) of the Ladies Professional Golf Association during competition. Assessed the components of the routines and the total time involved. Results indicated that these elite golfers possessed very consistent preshot routines. Found that the more successful players exhibited longer routines and expressed more positive emotional states than the less successful players, possibly reflecting more highly developed preparation strategies.
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