The effects of specific vs nonspecific mental preparation strategies on strength and endurance performance
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ABSTRACT:
The purpose of the present study was to determine if imagery, preparatory arousal (specific) or "psych-up" (nonspecific) instructions most facilitated performance on a variety of muscular strength and endurance measures. Twenty-five male volunteer subjects utilized the three mental preparation strategies and a control condition on four different physical performance tasks (one minute sit-ups, push-ups, pull ups, standing long jump) at four different testing periods throughout the semester in a within subjects design. For example, a subject might use imagery on all four tasks during the first testing session, preparatory arousal the next session, psych-up the third, and control the fourth. The order of presentation was counter-balanced to reduce the changes of an order effect. Subjects were given 30-seconds just prior to their performance to employ their technique. Results indicated that for all four tasks the experimental groups performed significantly better than the control group. However, no differences were found between any of the mental preparation conditions. Results are discussed in terms of the mental preparation and cognitive intervention literature, and future directions for research are offered.
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