Sport officials' perceptions of fans, players, and their occupations: a comparative study of baseball and hockey
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ABSTRACT:
The perceptions of professional baseball and hockey officials toward socially relevant sport objects were explored in this research. These objects were: (1) fans, (2) players, and (3) their occupations. Officials felt that fans were unsympathetic to their problems but added excitement to the game. Positive characteristics were attributed to the players, with hockey players earning more praise. Common positive and negative features were attributed to their occupation. Examines the perceptions of professional baseball and hockey officials toward socially relevant sport groups: fans, players and their occupations. Sports officials are conceptualized as an occupational subculture and their development and maintenance are analyzed as a communication network which fosters a reference group in which members coalesce their perceptions, behavior, and norms. Data were collected through closed and open-ended interviews. Results indicated that hockey and baseball officials found fans unsympathetic but adding to the excitement of the game. Players were viewed less positively by baseball officials than hockey officials. Structural differences between the two sports are suggested as explanation for different perceptions by the officials.
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