Qualitative research as a form of scientific inquiry in sport and physical education
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ABSTRACT:
Qualitative research includes a family of loosely related inquiry traditions rooted in psychology, sociology, and anthropology. Each differs in origins, assumptions, central questions, and methods. They are united at a deeper paradigmatic level, however, by a shared view of the nature of the world which distinguishes all qualitative research traditions from the conventional natural science model of inquiry in the domains of education, sport, and exercise. This divergence of world view is illustrated by how scientists using qualitative and conventional designs would respond to the query, "How do you know?" There, qualitative traditions yield distinctly different perspectives on questions about the social world. Despite both heuristic power and great promise for application in sport and physical education, however, unresolved questions and troublesome concerns remain. Active scholars, editors, reviewers, and research consumers will control the future for qualitative research and all must stretch to accommodate an unfamiliar way of knowing. Discusses qualitative research in sport and physical education by first describing what it is, and how it is done. Suggests that the answer to the question 'how do you know' is a good starting place to determining whether quantitative research is being done. States that researchers working in this tradition offer themselves as the primary instrument of inquiry. Provides references for a number of articles dealing with qualitative research, and a narrative history of an actual study in the area of physical education using the qualitative research method. In the second section, questions the strengths and limitations of this form of scientific inquiry. The final section consists of an explication of the complex issues which may control the future of qualitative research, suggested ground rules for discussion of the topic among researchers, and a position statement concerning the design and use of standards for evaluating qualitative research in sport and physical education.
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