Sex differences in achievement cognitions and performance in competition
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ABSTRACT:
Expectancies, performance, perceived ability, and causal attributions of 20 males and 20 females who competed on a motor task after being matched with a same- or opposite-sex opponent of similar ability were examined. Males were more likely than females to predict a win in competition, but actual performance measures, postcompetition ability ratings, and attributions revealed more positive responses to competition by females than males. Females improved their performance times and raised their ability ratings from the initial noncompetitive session more than males and placed more importance on effort attributions than males did. The findings suggest that competition is not necessarily detrimental and can have a positive influence on females' achievement cognitions and behaviors when the competitive task and situation are clearly appropriate for females. Examines sex differences in expectancies, performance, perceived ability and attributions in a competitive situation. Female n=20) and male (n=20) participants are randomly assigned to the same sex or opposite sex competition condition. The competition consists of a pegboard task which has no apparent masculine or feminine characteristics. Results indicate that males are more likely than females to predict a win competition, but actual performance measures, post competition ability ratings, and attributions reveal more positive response to competition by females than males. Concludes that competition is not necessarily detrimental and can have a positive influence on females.
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