The nature of group goals in sport teams: a phenomenological analysis
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ABSTRACT:
Much of the contemporary research and practical literature in sport and psychology that concerns goals focuses on individuals. Several reviewers, however, have called for more investigation into group goal setting. To accomplish this, a basic understanding of the everyday goals of sport teams is necessary. The purpose of this exploratory investigation was to examine the nature of group goals in intact sport teams. Athletes (N=154) from college and community teams (N=13) were asked to list up to five team goals for both practice and competitive situations. Content analyses showed that the overwhelming majority were general (greater than 70 percent) rather than specific in nature. For practice situations, process goals predominated (89.9 percent), but for competitions, a balance existed between outcome (53.1 percent) and process (46.9 percent) goals. Further analyses of the practice goals showed that 66.1 percent related to skill/strategy, 29.3 percent to effort, and 4.6 percent to fitness. For the competition goals, 43.5 percent related to skill/strategy, 15.0 percent to effort, and 41.5 percent to outcomes. Implications of these results for practitioners and researchers are discussed.
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