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ABSTRACT:
The use of imagery by athletes was assessed by administering a 37-item questionnaire to a sample of 381 male and female participants from six sports. The sample comprised competitors in the sports of football, ice hockey, soccer, squash, gymnastics, and figure skating. Athletes reported using imagery more in conjunction with competition than with practice. The motivational function of imagery was found to be important, but no substantial differences were evident between how athletes employ visual and kinesthetic imagery or how they use internal and external imagery perspectives. Athletes also indicated that they do not have very structured or regular imagery sessions. The level at which athletes were competing (recreational/house league, local competitive, provincial competitive, national/international competitive) was found to influence imagery use. The higher the competitive level, the more often the athletes reported using imagery in practice, in competition, and before an event. Assesses the use of imagery by athletes by administering a questionnaire to male and female participants (n=381) from six sports, including football, ice hockey, soccer, squash, gymnastics, and figure skating. Athletes report using imagery more in conjunction with competition than with practice. Finds that the motivational function of imagery is important, but observes no substantial differences between how athletes employ visual and kinesthetic imagery or how they use internal and external imagery perspectives. Athletes also indicate that they do not have very structured or regular imagery sessions. Finds that the level at which athletes are competing influences imagery use: the higher the competitive level, the more often the athletes report using imagery in practice, in competition, and before an event.
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