The arousal-performance relationship: task characteristics and performance measures in track and field athletics
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ABSTRACT:
Two issues regarding the arousal-performance relationship in sport were addressed in this study: the relationship between task complexity, optimal arousal, and maximal performance, and the appropriateness of using various measures of performance. Data were collected from high school athletes (n=51) across four track and field meets. State anxiety was obtained prior to each performance and three performance measures were obtained (event results, and quality of performance evaluated by the athlete and by the coach). Results indicated that the three performance measures were not equally related to A-state, suggesting that the relationship between arousal and performance results in a different description depending upon the performance measure that is used. Furthermore, degree of task complexity could not be distinguished across various track and field events. When individual events were used to examine the arousal-performance/task complexity relationship, results revealed that level of A-state needed for maximal performance could not be differentiated for specific events, nor could it be determined for above average, average, or below average performances on any one event. Examines performance measures and task characteristics as they relate to the arousal-performance relationship in track and field. Collects data from 51 high school athletes (31 males, 20 females) aged from the U.S. Pacific Northwest. Uses the competitive State Anxiety Inventory (CSAI-1) to measure arousal, and three performance measures - actual performance results, Questionnaire-A (the athlete's perception of the performance), and Questionnaire-C (the coach's perception of the performance). In addition, 12 track and field coaches rate the various events on a task complexity scale. Athletes complete the measures 15 minutes prior to performing each event at four competitive meets. Finds that 1) each performance measure relates differently to A-state within an event, 2) the complexity scores of the track and field events fail to differentiate between events, 3) the same level of A-state is associated with maximal performance across the variety of events, and 4) a particular level of A-state (arousal) can be associated with any level of performance. Concludes that task-specific optimal arousal levels cannot be prescribed.
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