Goal setting and competition: a reaction to Hall and Byrne
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ABSTRACT:
Reviews Hall and Byrne's (1988) attempt to control for social comparison (competition) by randomly assigning classes, rather than subjects, to specific goal-setting conditions. Suggests that another potential limitation of their design is the assignment of different instructors for the goal-setting and control conditions. Replicates Hall and Byrne's study, keeping the teacher constant for all groups. Males (n=41) and females (n=35) enrolled in fitness courses at a university act as subjects. Each class, taught by the same teacher, is randomly assigned to one of three goal-setting conditions: a) moderately hard goals, b) very hard goals, or c) do-your-best goals. Results indicate no significant differences between the specific goal groups and the do-your-best control group. Points out that while the present study reduces the amount of spontaneous goal-setting that occurs, it does not eliminate it.
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