Sport-confidence and competitive orientation: an addendum on scoring procedures and gender differences
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ABSTRACT:
Proposes a new method of scoring the Competitive Orientation Inventory (COI), an instrument developed in an earlier study (Vealey, to operationalize state and trait sport confidence. Clarifies the scoring procedures in an appendix, and creates a composite competititve orientation score made up of the performance score, and the inverse of the outcome score. Using the original data from 247 high school, college, and elite athletes (Vealey, 1986), extends the analyses to examine gender differences in sport-confidence (SC-trait) and competitive orientation. Hypothesizes that elite female athletes (n=20), because of the level of sport competition, may differ from the norm with regard to how they perceive their sport experiences. Student-Newman-Keuls post hoc analyses reveal that elite male athletes are higher in SC-trait than all other groups except elite female athletes, and that elite athletes are more performance oriented than college or high school athletes.
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