Idealism versus pragmatism in user evaluations of allocation systems
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ABSTRACT:
Permit allocation systems in recreation settings attempt to distribute permits in a manner which is "socially just." "Distributive justice," however, is an ideal that can be defined in terms of several competing social goals, and practical allocation alternatives may not explicitly address any of them. In addition, individuals may not evaluate systems based upon such ideals, but rather upon a pragmatic assessment about whether a system is likely to favor them. Data from a survey of river runners on the Snake River in Hell's Canyon are used to analyze evaluations of allocation alternatives, based on perceived fairness and perceived chances of success. Results suggest that willingness to try an alternative is a pragmatic evaluation more strongly associated with perceived likelihood of success than with fairness or acceptability. In contrast, acceptability is a more idealistic evaluation strongly associated with fairness, which in turn is associated with likelihood of success. Implications for designing and managing allocation systems under conditions of resource scarcity are discussed. Explores whether individuals evaluate allocation alternatives based on pragmatic or idealistic concerns, and whether this perception-evaluation process is consistent across each of the allocation alternatives: pricing, reservation, lottery, queuing, or merit. Develops a model to describe the relationships between user perceptions and evaluations of these five allocation alternatives. Uses data from a survey of river runners (n=295) on the Snake River in Hell's Canyon (on the border between Idaho and Oregon) to analyze evaluations of allocation alternatives, based on perceived fairness and perceived chances of success. Results suggest that willingness to try an alternative is a pragmatic evaluation, more strongly associated with perceived likelihood of success than with fairness or acceptability. On the other hand, acceptability is a more idealistic evaluation strongly associated with fairness, which in turn is associated with likelihood of success. Discusses implications for designing and managing allocation systems under conditions of resource scarcity.
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