Voluntary association membership of outdoor recreationists: an exploratory study
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ABSTRACT:
Research on the political activity of outdoor recreationists has focused primarily on their associational affiliations and concern for the environment. This article reviews literature on theories of collective behavior, recreation motivations, and environmental concern. The study considers outdoor recreation as a social movement and investigates relationships between incentives for voluntary membership in environmental and outdoor recreation associations, motivations for participation in outdoor recreation activities, and environmental concern. Members of associations were found to be significantly different than nonmembers on several variables including value for outdoor recreation, incentives for association membership, intellectual motivations for outdoor recreation, environmental concern, education level, and age. Results suggest that association efforts to obtain instrumental benefits, or public goods that accrue to all of society, are a primary incentive for outdoor recreationists to join voluntary associations. A common thread of intellectual pursuit distinguished members from nonmembers, suggesting that intellectual benefits may help define the relationship between outdoor recreation and associational affiliation behaviors. Considers outdoor recreation as a social movement, and investigates relationships between incentives for voluntary membership in environmental and outdoor recreation associations, motivations for participation in outdoor recreation activities, and environmental concern. Members (n=1085) of Recreational Equipment, Inc., in California, respond to a mail survey. Results indicate that 40 percent of the sample are members of an environmental or outdoor-related voluntary association. Finds that members differ significantly from nonmembers on several variables, including value for outdoor recreation, incentives for association membership, intellectual motivation for outdoor recreation, environmental concern, education level, and age. Findings suggest that instrumental incentives, or public goods, appear to be the strongest reasons for outdoor recreationists to hold membership in conservation-oriented voluntary associations.
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