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History of amateurism in men's intercollegiate athletics: the continuance of a 19th century anachronism in America

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CONTRIBUTORS:
  Author Smith, R. A.
JOURNAL:
  Quest, 45(4), 430 - 447.
YEAR: 1993
PUB TYPE: Journal Article
SUBJECT(S): amateurism; sport; university; United-States; history; 1800H; 1900H
DISCIPLINE: Recreation, Sports & Leisure Studies
HTTP: https://secure.sportquest.com/su.cfm?articleno=343755&title=343755
LANGUAGE: English
PUB ID: 103-337-055 (Last edited on 2002/02/27 18:43:49 US/Mountain)
SPONSOR(S):
 
ABSTRACT:
Claiming that American intercollegiate athletics are amateur at the end of the 20th century is an anachronism, for colleges in the 19th century took on professional characteristics. The upper-class British concept of amateurism did not work effectively in a more egalitarian and achievement-oriented American society. Hypocrisy resulted when colleges claimed amateurism while accepting such professional practices as hiring professional coaches, allowing athletes to play summer baseball for money,and paying athletes through grants-in-aid. Attempts to preserve amateurism, such as the Graham Plan in the 1930s and the Sanity Code in the 1940s and 1950s, yielded to the professional spirit. Thus, while Americans had generally rejected the upper-class British social hierarchy that fostered amateurism, they retained the name amateur, continuing the hypocrisy that had begun in the previous century.
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