Toward a feminist alternative to sport as a male preserve
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ABSTRACT:
This paper examines the sociological implications of sport as a male preserve. Sport is a gendered cultural form that has been dominated by men and masculinity. The effects of this domination upon broader patters of social relations have been misrepresented in much of the literature on sport and gender, where sport is often conceptualized as a static fact, rather than as a dynamic social practice. Analysis of sport as social practice directs attention to the manner in which sport gives meaning to broader patterns of social relations. In the case of gender relations, sport as a male preserve has contributed to the oppression of women through the objectification and domination of their physicality and sexuality. A feminist alternative to sport as a male preserve challenges gender inequality by challenging sexual stereotypes and patriarchal control of women's bodies. Explores the effects of sport as a male preserve. Examines male dominance of sport in terms of gender differences in rates of participation, and in organizational structures. Suggests that womens' sporting activities serve only to develop females' sexual attractiveness and appeal. Discusses the implications of sport as a male preserve citing work by Gruneau (1983), Willis (1982), and Lenskyj (1983). Reviews and critiques the literature on women and role conflict, and the sport socialization of women. Concludes that sport can be a means of liberation for women instead of a means of oppression because sport can allow women freedom from male domination.
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